Grupo de Investigación BioXscience

Dolor Crónico y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas

Lesiones deportivas (lesiones musculares y esguinces, sobre todo de tobillo)
Lesiones tendinosas y tratamiento de tendinopatías: epicondilitis lateral, tendinopatía rotuliana y del tendón de Aquiles, fascitis plantar
Osteoartritis, especialmente de rodilla y cadera
Contribución a mejoría quirúrgica (combinación con reparación vía artroscópica) en patología de hombro (tendinopatías del manguito rotador), reparación del tendón de Aquiles, reparación de ligamento cruzado anterior de la rodilla

Otras Enfermedades

Odontología y cirugía maxilofacial
Ortopedia y traumatología
Medicina plástica y reconstructiva
Medicina estética y antienvejecimiento
Oftalmología
Medicina deportiva
Medicina vascular.

Genitourinario

Disfunción eréctil
Atrofia y liquen vulvar o vaginal por hipoestrogenemia (postmenopáusica) para terapias de rejuvenecimiento vulvo-vaginal (PRP sólo o en combinación con células madre mesenquimales -MSC- o con ácido hialurónico)

Enfermedades Dermatológicas

Función plaquetaria en la hemostasia y reparación de heridas y tratamiento de úlceras
Tratamientos de piel (usualmente en combinación con otras terapias como radiofrecuencia intradérmica y tratamiento con láser, entre otras): rejuvenecimiento facial, tratamiento de estrías, cicatrices, alopecia, implante de folículo

Genitourinario y Gastrointestinal

Úlceras gastrointestinales
Cistitis crónica

Enfermedades Dermatológicas

Enfermedades infecciosas
Alérgicas
Eritematodescamativas
Cicatrización de heridas
Recuperación de úlceras (diabéticas o vasculares)

Enfermedades Cardiovasculares

Enfermedad arterial periférica

Enfermedades Neurológicas

Cefaleas crónicas refractarias
Pérdida auditiva neurosensorial

Dolor Crónico y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas

Dolor lumbar
Osteoartritis
Enfermedad degenerativa discal

Enfermedades Dermatológicas

Trombosis ocular*
Burbujas de aire y gas en los vasos sanguíneos*
Pérdida de la audición sin causa aparente*
Anemia*
Intoxicación por monóxido de carbono*
Enfermedad de descompresión*

Enfermedades Dermatológicas

Quemaduras*
Gangrena gaseosa*
Infecciones cutáneas graves*
Lesión por radiación*
Colgajo de injerto de piel con riesgo de muerte del tejido*
Heridas o úlceras*

Enfermedades Neurológicas

Lesión por compresión*
Absceso cerebral*
Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico
Lesión de la médula espinal

Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas

Recuperación de lesiones osteomusculares y de tejidos blandos
Lesiones deportivas
Infecciones óseas graves*

Suero hemático ozonizado

Consiste en terapia sistémica en la cual se extrae cierto volumen de sangre y se mezcla con solución salina y a esta solución se procede a mezclar ozono a concentraciones definidas por el médico tratante y se infunde la mezcla intravenosa.

Aplicación local

Consiste en aplicación de ozono a concentraciones definidos por médico tratante en sitios de dolor específicos. Esta terapia puede ayudar a disminuir el dolor, la sensación de tensión en la zona y regeneración del tejido.
La frecuencia de la aplicación de la terapia puede variar entre 1 o 2 sesiones por semana y puedes requerir de 5-10 sesiones según tu respuesta.

Autohematoterapia menor

Terapia sistémica menos invasiva, en la cual se mezcla un volumen reducido de sangre del paciente con ozono y tras agitación y activación del proceso, se procede a aplicar la mezcla de forma intramuscular.
La frecuencia del tratamiento se define por criterio médico, es posible que requieras manejo cada semana por 5-10 sesiones.
Duración 10-20 minutos por cada sesión de terapia.

Autohematoterapia mayor

Terapia sistémica que se realiza en reposo, en la cual tras canalizar el paciente se extrae un volumen de sangre definido y por medio de un dispositivo se procede a la mezcla con el ozono. Este procedimiento se puede repetir entre 1-4 veces en la misma sesión, según criterio del médico tratante.
Durante este procedimiento, se usa un medicamento anticoagulante a dosis seguras definidas por tu médico.
La frecuencia del tratamiento se define por criterio médico, es posible que se requieran más de 5 sesiones para evidenciar cambios en los síntomas, sin embargo, en ocasiones pueden requerirse ciclos de 15-20 sesiones.
Duración 20-40 minutos por cada sesión de terapia.

Origen

Provienen de:

Cordón umbilical
Placenta
Medula ósea
Tejido adiposo
Músculos
Cerebro
Piel

Características

Pueden renovarse o generar nuevas células que pueden reponer el tejido muerto o dañado. Se clasifican en:

Mesenquimales
Hematopoyéticas (células madre sanguíneas).

Ventajas

En sangre del cordón umbilical incluyen la rápida recolección y administración que sirve para el tratamiento de condiciones urgentes.
Menor frecuencia de infecciones, tasas más bajas de enfermedad de injerto contra el huésped, menos necesidad de un HLA idéntico estricto.
Capacidad de autorrenovación más rápida.
Es menos posible que sea rechazado.
Su éxito se ha demostrado en varias aplicaciones clínicas.
No se han planteado preocupaciones éticas importantes.

Desventajas

No se puede cultivar por largos periodos de tiempo.
Las limitaciones en la capacidad de diferenciación aún son inciertas.
Actualmente no hay tecnología disponible para generar grandes cantidades de células madre en cultivo.
Cuando es producto de médula ósea puede contener células anormales que pueden causar una recaída en caso de malignidad; en teoría, no se puede utilizar en todos los casos de enfermedades anormales de la médula ósea.
Hematopoyéticas: Generalmente limitado para terapia autóloga (requiere emparejamiento genético del donante y el receptor si se usa como tratamiento alogénico).

Osteoartritis de rodilla*

1 ECAS

Koh, 2016:
Koh Y-G, Kwon O-R, Kim Y-S, Choi Y-J, Tak D-H. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Microfracture Versus Microfracture Alone: 2-Year Follow-up of a Prospective Randomized Trial. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg. 2016 Jan;32(1):97–109.

Osteoartritis de rodilla*

19 ECAS

Bastos, 2018:
Bastos R, Mathias M, Andrade R, Bastos R, Balduino A, Schott V, et al. Intra-articular injections of expanded mesenchymal stem cells with and without addition of platelet-rich plasma are safe and effective for knee osteoarthritis. Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018 Nov 6;26(11):3342–50.
Bastos, 2020:
Bastos R, Mathias M, Andrade R, Amaral RJFC, Schott V, Balduino A, et al. Intra-articular injection of culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells with or without addition of platelet-rich plasma is effective in decreasing pain and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis: a controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020 Jun 5;28(6):1989–99.
Chen, 2021:
Chen C-F, Hu C-C, Wu C-T, Wu H-TH, Chang C-S, Hung Y-P, et al. Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with intra-articular injection of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) ELIXCYTE®: a phase I/II, randomized, active-control, single-blind, multiple-center clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021 Dec 30;12(1):562.
Emadedin et al, 2018:
Emadedin M, Labibzadeh N, Liastani M ghorbani, Karimi A, Jaroughi N, Bolurieh T, et al. Intra-articular implantation of autologous bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells to treat knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 clinical trial. Cytotherapy. 2018 Oct;20(10):1238–46.
Espinosa, 2018:
Lamo-Espinosa JM, Mora G, Blanco JF, Granero-Moltó F, Núñez-Córdoba JM, López-Elío S, et al. Intra-articular injection of two different doses of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: long-term follow up of a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial (phase I/II). J Transl Med. 2018 Dec 31;16(1):213.
Espinosa, 2020:
Lamo-Espinosa JM, Blanco JF, Sánchez M, Moreno V, Granero-Moltó F, Sánchez-Guijo F, et al. Phase II multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of intra-articular injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with platelet rich plasma for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. J Transl Med. 2020 Dec 18;18(1):356.
Freitag, 2019:
Freitag J, Bates D, Wickham J, Shah K, Huguenin L, Tenen A, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Regen Med. 2019 Mar;14(3):213–30.
Garza, 2020:
Garza JR, Campbell RE, Tjoumakaris FP, Freedman KB, Miller LS, Santa Maria D, et al. Clinical Efficacy of Intra-articular Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blinded Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Am J Sports Med. 2020 Mar 28;48(3):588–98.
Gupta, 2016:
Gupta PK, Chullikana A, Rengasamy M, Shetty N, Pandey V, Agarwal V, et al. Efficacy and safety of adult human bone marrow-derived, cultured, pooled, allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (Stempeucel®): preclinical and clinical trial in osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016 Dec 20;18(1):301.
Hernigou, 2018:
Hernigou P, Auregan JC, Dubory A, Flouzat-Lachaniette CH, Chevallier N, Rouard H. Subchondral stem cell therapy versus contralateral total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis following secondary osteonecrosis of the knee. Int Orthop. 2018 Nov 27;42(11):2563–71.
Hernigou, 2020:
Hernigou P, Bouthors C, Bastard C, Flouzat Lachaniette CH, Rouard H, Dubory A. Subchondral bone or intra-articular injection of bone marrow concentrate mesenchymal stem cells in bilateral knee osteoarthritis: what better postpone knee arthroplasty at fifteen years? A randomized study. Int Orthop. 2021 Feb 2;45(2):391–9.
Hernigou, 2021:
Hernigou P, Delambre J, Quiennec S, Poignard A. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell injection in subchondral lesions of knee osteoarthritis: a prospective randomized study versus contralateral arthroplasty at a mean fifteen year follow-up. Int Orthop. 2021 Feb 23;45(2):365–73.
Lee et al, 2019:
Lee W-S, Kim HJ, Kim K-I, Kim GB, Jin W. Intra-Articular Injection of Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Phase IIb, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019 Jun 1;8(6):504–11.
Lu et al, 2019:
Lu L, Dai C, Zhang Z, Du H, Li S, Ye P, et al. Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with intra-articular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase IIb clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Dec 21;10(1):143
Qiao, 2020:
Qiao Z, Tang J, Yue B, Wang J, Zhang J, Xuan L, et al. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells plus microfracture and hyaluronic acid for cartilage repair: a Phase IIa trial. Regen Med. 2020 Jan;15(1):1193–214.
Shapiro, 2019:
Shapiro SA, Arthurs JR, Heckman MG, Bestic JM, Kazmerchak SE, Diehl NN, et al. Quantitative T2 MRI Mapping and 12-Month Follow-up in a Randomized, Blinded, Placebo Controlled Trial of Bone Marrow Aspiration and Concentration for Osteoarthritis of the Knees. Cartilage. 2019 Oct 30;10(4):432–43
Vangsness, 2014:
Vangsness CT, Farr J, Boyd J, Dellaero DT, Mills CR, LeRoux-Williams M. Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivered via Intra-Articular Injection to the Knee Following Partial Medial Meniscectomy. J Bone Jt Surg. 2014 Jan 15;96(2):90–8.
Vega, 2015:
Vega A, Martín-Ferrero MA, Del Canto F, Alberca M, García V, Munar A, et al. Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis With Allogeneic Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Transplantation. 2015 Aug;99(8):1681–90.
Wang, 2017:
Wang Y, Shimmin A, Ghosh P, Marks P, Linklater J, Connell D, et al. Safety, tolerability, clinical, and joint structural outcomes of a single intra-articular injection of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a controlled double-blind randomised trial. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017 Dec 2;19(1):180.

Enfermedad Degenerativa Discal*

1 ECAS

Xu, 2021:
Xu B, Zhang H, Du L, Yuan Q, Zhang K, Xu H, et al. Selective Retention of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with Gelatin Sponge for Repair of Intervertebral Disc Defects after Microendoscopic Discectomy: A Prospective Controlled Study and 2-Year Follow-Up. Li P, editor. Biomed Res Int. 2021 Jul 13;2021:1–11.

Lesión Medular*

21 ECAS

Abdelaziz, 2010:
Abdelaziz OS, Marie A, Abbas M, Ibrahim M, Gabr H. Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Directly Transplanting Autologous Adult Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Patients With Chronic Traumatic Dorsal Cord Injury. Neurosurg Q. 2010 Sep;20(3):216–26.
Albu, 2020:
Albu S, Kumru H, Coll R, Vives J, Vallés M, Benito-Penalva J, et al. Clinical effects of intrathecal administration of expanded Wharton jelly mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with chronic complete spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled study. Cytotherapy. 2021 Feb;23(2):146–56
Cheng, 2014:
Cheng H, Liu X, Hua R, Dai G, Wang X, Gao J, et al. Clinical observation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treatment for sequelae of thoracolumbar spinal cord injury. J Transl Med. 2014 Dec 12;12(1):253.
Chhabra, 2016:
Chhabra HS, Sarda K, Arora M, Sharawat R, Singh V, Nanda A, et al. Autologous bone marrow cell transplantation in acute spinal cord injury—an Indian pilot study. Spinal Cord. 2016 Jan 18;54(1):57–64.
Dai, 2013:
Dai G, Liu X, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Dai Y, Xu R. Transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of complete and chronic cervical spinal cord injury. Brain Res. 2013 Oct;1533:73–9.
El-Kheir, 2014:
El-Kheir WA, Gabr H, Awad MR, Ghannam O, Barakat Y, Farghali HAMA, et al. Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Therapy Combined with Physical Therapy Induces Functional Improvement in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Patients. Cell Transplant. 2014 Jun 1;23(6):729–45.
Guo, 2012:
Guo G, Shen L, LI Z. Clinical study of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in treating spinal cord injury. Chin Pr Med J. 2012;39(10):58–60
Guo, 2014:
Guo Z, Qin B, Dai R. Study bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury. Chin J Exp Surg. 2014;31(11):2605–7.
Karamouzian, 2012:
Karamouzian S, Nematollahi-Mahani S, Nakhaee N, Eskandary H. Clinical safety and primary efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal cell transplantation in subacute spinal cord injured patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012;114:935–9.
Kishk, 2010:
Kishk NA, Gabr H, Hamdy S, Afifi L, Abokresha N, Mahmoud H, et al. Case Control Series of Intrathecal Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010 Oct 26;24(8):702–8.
Li, 2012:
Li M. Clinical study of stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury. Kunming Med Univ. 2012
Song, 2020:
Song H, Suo S, Ning C, Zhang Y, Mu W, Chen S. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation on Acute Spinal Cord Injury. J Hard Tissue Biol. 2020;29(2):91–8.
Tang, 2016:
Tang J, Liang H, Li L. Posterior nail‑rod system internal fixation combined with autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for thoracolumbar fractures spinal cord injury. Med Theory Pr. 2016;29(21):2893–5.
Xiao, 2012:
Xiao Y, LI Z, Zhu J. Efficacy of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in early spinal cord injury. Chin J Biomed Eng. 2012;35(14):24–8.
Xiao, 2014:
Xiao Y, LI Z, Zhu J. Efficacy of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in early spinal cord injury. Chin J Biomed Eng. 2014;1:7–11
Xie, 2007:
Xie Z, Cui G, Li Y. Curative effect of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on spinal cord injury. J Clin Rehabil Tissue Eng Res. 2007;11(7):1277–9.
Xu, 2015:
Xu Y, Wan J, Li H. Effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation combined with comprehensive rehabilitation training on neurological function and function. Chin J Rehabil Med. 2015;30:828–30.
Yoon, 2007:
Yoon SH, Shim YS, Park YH, Chung JK, Nam JH, Kim MO, et al. Complete Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Using Autologous Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation and Bone Marrow Stimulation with Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor: Phase I/II Clinical Trial. Stem Cells. 2007 Aug 1;25(8):2066–73
Zhang, 2012:
Zhang X, Li J, Zhao H. Clinical analysis of mesenchymal stem cells in treating spinal cord injury. Asia Pac Tradit Med. 2012;8(3):116–7.
Zhang, 2015:
Zhang T, Tong X, Liu C. Efficacy observation of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy on chronic spinal cord injury. Word New Inf. 2015;15:65–6.
Zhang, 2019:
Zhang L, Liu Z, Jiang Y. Clinical value of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Chin J Spinal Spinal Cord. 2019;29(3):254–60.

Osteoartritis de rodilla*

18 ECAS

Chahal, 2019:
Chahal J, Gómez-Aristizábal A, Shestopaloff K, Bhatt S, Chaboureau A, Fazio A, et al. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Treatment in Patients with Osteoarthritis Results in Overall Improvement in Pain and Symptoms and Reduces Synovial Inflammation. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019 Aug 1;8(8):746–57.
Garay, 2018:
Garay-Mendoza D, Villarreal-Martínez L, Garza-Bedolla A, Pérez-Garza DM, Acosta-Olivo C, Vilchez-Cavazos F, et al. The effect of intra-articular injection of autologous bone marrow stem cells on pain and knee function in patients with osteoarthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2018 Jan;21(1):140–7.
Jo, 2014:
Jo CH, Lee YG, Shin WH, Kim H, Chai JW, Jeong EC, et al. Intra‐Articular Injection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Proof‐of‐Concept Clinical Trial. Stem Cells. 2014 May 17;32(5):1254–66
Khalifeh, 2019:
Khalifeh Soltani S, Forogh B, Ahmadbeigi N, Hadizadeh Kharazi H, Fallahzadeh K, Kashani L, et al. Safety and efficacy of allogenic placental mesenchymal stem cells for treating knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study. Cytotherapy. 2019 Jan;21(1):54–63.
Kim, 2018:
Kim YS, Koh YG. Comparative Matched-Pair Analysis of Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy With Versus Without an Injection of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Varus Knee Osteoarthritis: Clinical and Second-Look Arthroscopic Results. Am J Sports Med. 2018 Sep 6;46(11):2669–77.
Koh, 2012:
Koh Y-G, Choi Y-J. Infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis. Knee. 2012 Dec;19(6):902–7.
Koh, 2014:
Koh Y-G, Kwon O-R, Kim Y-S, Choi Y-J. Comparative Outcomes of Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy With Platelet-Rich Plasma Alone or in Combination With Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment: A Prospective Study. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg. 2014 Nov;30(11):1453–60.
Kuah, 2018:
Kuah D, Sivell S, Longworth T, James K, Guermazi A, Cicuttini F, et al. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of intra-articular Progenza in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled single ascending dose study. J Transl Med. 2018 Dec 6;16(1):49.
Lu, 2020:
Lu L, Dai C, Du H, Li S, Ye P, Zhang L, et al. Intra-articular injections of allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells in patients with symptomatic bilateral knee osteoarthritis: a Phase I pilot study. Regen Med. 2020 May;15(5):1625–36.
Matas, 2019:
Matas J, Orrego M, Amenabar D, Infante C, Tapia-Limonchi R, Cadiz MI, et al. Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) for Knee Osteoarthritis: Repeated MSC Dosing Is Superior to a Single MSC Dose and to Hyaluronic Acid in a Controlled Randomized Phase I/II Trial. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019 Mar 1;8(3):215–24.
Orozco, 2013:
Orozco L, Munar A, Soler R, Alberca M, Soler F, Huguet M, et al. Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis With Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Transplantation. 2013 Jun 27;95(12):1535–41.
Park, 2017:
Park Y-B, Ha C-W, Lee C-H, Yoon YC, Park Y-G. Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritic Patients by a Composite of Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hyaluronate Hydrogel: Results from a Clinical Trial for Safety and Proof-of-Concept with 7 Years of Extended Follow-Up. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017;6(2):613–21.
Pers, 2015:
Pers Y-M, Rackwitz L, Ferreira R, Pullig O, Delfour C, Barry F, et al. Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapy for Severe Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Phase I Dose-Escalation Trial. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2016 Jul 1;5(7):847–56.
Song, 2018:
Song Y, Du H, Dai C, Zhang L, Li S, Hunter DJ, et al. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for osteoarthritis: a pilot study with long-term follow-up and repeated injections. Regen Med. 2018 Apr;13(3):295–307.
Wakitani, 2002:
Wakitani S, Imoto K, Yamamoto T, Saito M, Murata N, Yoneda M. Human autologous culture expanded bone marrow mesenchymal cell transplantation for repair of cartilage defects in osteoarthritic knees. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2002 Mar;10(3):199–206.
Windt, 2017:
Windt TS de, Vonk LA, Slaper-Cortenbach ICM, van den Broek MPH, Nizak R, van Rijen MHP, et al. Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulate Cartilage Regeneration and Are Safe for Single-Stage Cartilage Repair in Humans upon Mixture with Recycled Autologous Chondrons. Stem Cells. 2017 Jan 1;35(1):256–64.
Wong, 2013:
Wong KL, Lee KBL, Tai BC, Law P, Lee EH, Hui JHP. Injectable Cultured Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Varus Knees With Cartilage Defects Undergoing High Tibial Osteotomy: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial With 2 Years’ Follow-up. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg. 2013 Dec;29(12):2020–8.
Zhao, 2019:
Zhao X, Ruan J, Tang H, Li J, Shi Y, Li M, et al. Multi-compositional MRI evaluation of repair cartilage in knee osteoarthritis with treatment of allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Dec 21;10(1):308.

Enfermedad Degenerativa Discal*

8 ECAS

Amirdelfan, 2021:
Amirdelfan K, Bae H, McJunkin T, DePalma M, Kim K, Beckworth WJ, et al. Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells treatment for chronic low back pain associated with degenerative disc disease: a prospective randomized, placebo-controlled 36-month study of safety and efficacy. Spine J. 2021 Feb;21(2):212–30.
Centeno, 2017:
Centeno C, Markle J, Dodson E, Stemper I, Williams CJ, Hyzy M, et al. Treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease-associated radicular pain with culture-expanded autologous mesenchymal stem cells: a pilot study on safety and efficacy. J Transl Med. 2017 Dec 22;15(1):197.
Haufe, 2006:
Haufe SMW, Mork AR. Intradiscal Injection of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in an Attempt to Rejuvenate the Intervertebral Discs. Stem Cells Dev. 2006 Feb;15(1):136–7.
Kumar, 2017:
Kumar H, Ha D-H, Lee E-J, Park JH, Shim JH, Ahn T-K, et al. Safety and tolerability of intradiscal implantation of combined autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid in patients with chronic discogenic low back pain: 1-year follow-up of a phase I study. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017 Dec 15;8(1):262.
Mochida, 2015:
Mochida J, Sakai D, Nakamura Y, Watanabe T, Yamamoto Y, Kato S. Intervertebral disc repair with activated nucleus pulposus cell transplantation: a three-year, prospective clinical study of its safety. Eur Cells Mater. 2015 Mar 20;29:202–12.
Noriega, 2017:
Noriega DC, Ardura F, Hernández-Ramajo R, Martín-Ferrero MÁ, Sánchez-Lite I, Toribio B, et al. Intervertebral Disc Repair by Allogeneic Mesenchymal Bone Marrow Cells. Transplantation. 2017 Aug;101(8):1945–51.
Orozco, 2011:
Orozco L, Soler R, Morera C, Alberca M, Sánchez A, García-Sancho J. Intervertebral Disc Repair by Autologous Mesenchymal Bone Marrow Cells: A Pilot Study. Transplantation. 2011 Oct 15;92(7):822–8.
Pettine, 2017:
Pettine KA, Suzuki RK, Sand TT, Murphy MB. Autologous bone marrow concentrate intradiscal injection for the treatment of degenerative disc disease with three-year follow-up. Int Orthop. 2017 Oct 26;41(10):2097–103.

Lesión Medular*

13 ECAS

Hur, 2016:
Hur JW, Cho T-H, Park D-H, Lee J-B, Park J-Y, Chung Y-G. Intrathecal transplantation of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treating spinal cord injury: A human trial. J Spinal Cord Med. 2016 Nov 24;39(6):655–64.
Mendonça, 2014:
Mendonça MVP, Larocca TF, de Freitas Souza BS, Villarreal CF, Silva LFM, Matos AC, et al. Safety and neurological assessments after autologous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2014 Dec 17;5(6):126.
Oh, 2016:
Oh S, Choi K, Yoo J, Kim D, Kim S, Jeon S. A Phase III Clinical Trial Showing Limited Efficacy of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Neurosurgery. 2016;78(3):436–47.
Pal, 2009:
Pal R, Venkataramana N, Bansal, Balaraju S, Jan M, Chandra R. Ex vivo expanded autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in human spinal cord injury/paraplegia: a pilot clinical study. Cytotherapy. 2009;11(7):897–911.
Park, 2012:
Park JH, Kim DY, Sung IY, Choi GH, Jeon MH, Kim KK, et al. Long-term Results of Spinal Cord Injury Therapy Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Bone Marrow in Humans. Neurosurgery. 2012 May;70(5):1238–47.
Ra, 2011:
Ra JC, Shin IS, Kim SH, Kang SK, Kang BC, Lee HY, et al. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Animals and Humans. Stem Cells Dev. 2011 Aug;20(8):1297–308.
Satti, 2016:
Satti HS, Waheed A, Ahmed P, Ahmed K, Akram Z, Aziz T, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation for spinal cord injury: A Phase I pilot study. Cytotherapy. 2016 Apr;18(4):518–22.
Sykova, 2006:
Sykova E, Homola A, Mazanec R. Autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with subacute and chronic spinal cord injury. Cell Transpl. 2006;15(8–9):675–87.
Vaquero, 2016:
Vaquero J, Zurita M, Rico MA, Bonilla C, Aguayo C, Montilla J, et al. An approach to personalized cell therapy in chronic complete paraplegia: The Puerta de Hierro phase I/II clinical trial. Cytotherapy. 2016 Aug;18(8):1025–36.
Vaquero, 2017:
Vaquero J, Zurita M, Rico MA, Bonilla C, Aguayo C, Fernández C, et al. Repeated subarachnoid administrations of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells supported in autologous plasma improve quality of life in patients suffering incomplete spinal cord injury. Cytotherapy. 2017 Mar;19(3):349–59.
Vaquero, 2018:
Vaquero J, Zurita M, Rico MA, Aguayo C, Bonilla C, Marin E, et al. Intrathecal administration of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells for spinal cord injury: Safety and efficacy of the 100/3 guideline. Cytotherapy. 2018 Jun;20(6):806–19.
Vaquero, 2018:
Vaquero J, Zurita M, Rico MA, Aguayo C, Fernandez C, Rodriguez-Boto G, et al. Cell therapy with autologous mesenchymal stromal cells in post-traumatic syringomyelia. Cytotherapy. 2018 Jun;20(6):796–805.
Yang, 2021:
Yang Y, Pang M, Du C, Liu Z-Y, Chen Z-H, Wang N-X, et al. Repeated subarachnoid administrations of allogeneic human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for spinal cord injury: a phase 1/2 pilot study. Cytotherapy. 2021 Jan;23(1):57–64.

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NC1® | España 2019

https://www.aemps.gob.es/investigacionClinica/terapiasAvanzadas/docs/NC1_ficha-tecnica.pdf?x28957

ALOFISEL® | Unión Europea, España y Japón 2018

https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/alofisel-epar-product-information_es.pdf

Stemirac® | Japón 2018

https://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000231946.pdf

Ixmyelocel-T® | China, South Korea, Singapore, y otros países en Asia 2017

https://www.vcel.com/

Multistem® | USA 2017

https://www.athersys.com/multistem-therapy/overview/default.aspx

CEVA101® | USA 2017

https://cellvation.com/pipeline/ceva101/

Stempeucel® | India 2016

https://www.cipla.com/cipla-and-stempeutics-collaborate-for-launch-of-stempeucel

Prochymal® | Nueva Zelanda 2014

https://medsafe.govt.nz/regulatory/ProductDetail.asp?ID=15063

Temcell HS® | Japón 2015

https://www.pmda.go.jp/english/review-services/reviews/approved-information/0004.html

HOLOCLAR® | Unión Europea 2015

https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/overview/holoclar-epar-summary-public_es.pdf

NEURONATA-R® | Corea del Sur 2014

https://www.pmda.go.jp/files/000231946.pdf

Cartistem® | Corea del Sur 2012

https://www.mfds.go.kr/eng/brd/m_30/view.do?seq=69798

Cupistem® | Corea del Sur 2012

https://www.mfds.go.kr/eng/brd/m_30/view.do?seq=71337

Cellgram- AMI® | Corea del Sur 2011

https://www.mfds.go.kr/eng/brd/m_30/view.do?seq=70957

Prochymal® | Canadá 2012

https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/notice-compliance/conditions/prochymal-notice-compliance-conditions-qualifying-notice.html

Thompson et al. (2020)

Thompson M, Mei SHJ, Wolfe D, Champagne J, Fergusson D, Stewart DJ, et al. Cell therapy with intravascular administration of mesenchymal stromal cells continues to appear safe: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. febrero de 2020;19:100249.

Lalu et al. (2012)

Lalu MM, McIntyre L, Pugliese C, Fergusson D, Winston BW, Marshall JC, et al. Safety of Cell Therapy with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (SafeCell): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. PLoS ONE. 25 de octubre de 2012;7(10):e47559.

Origen

Provienen de:

Creadas en laboratorio a partir de una célula adulta

Características

A partir de la introducción de genes embrionarios en una célula adulta, permite que esta se comporte como una célula madre capaz de generar diferentes tejidos.

Ventajas

Autorrenovación a gran escala.
Pluripotencialidad
Fuente autóloga
Son extraídas por un método no invasivo, superando el problema del rechazo inmunitario.
No plantean problemas éticos.
Tienen una capacidad de diferenciación comparable a las embrionarias.
Muy útil para el desarrollo de fármacos y estudios de desarrollo.
El proceso de “reprogramación” puede transferirse a terapias in vivo para reprogramar células/tejidos dañados o enfermos.

Desventajas

Necesita más años de investigación.
No son seguros los métodos para garantizar la reproducibilidad.
Los virus se utilizan actualmente para introducir genes embrionarios.
Se ha demostrado que causan cáncer en estudios con ratones.
Tienen el potencial de convertirse en embriones si se exponen a las condiciones adecuadas.

Origen

Provienen de:

Células pluripotentes que provienen de blastocistos

Características

Contiene material celular capaz de generar todos los tejidos especializados que componen el cuerpo humano.

Ventajas

Han demostrado ser una fuente prometedora para la generación y el reemplazo de oligodendrocitos maduros.
Puede mantenerse y crecer durante 1 año o más en cultivo.
Pueden regenerar la mayoría de los tipos de células.

Desventajas